The Evolution use and design of research centers in the world - 2 Essay

The Evolution use and structure of examination focuses on the planet - 2 - Essay Example Exploration Centers, Evolution and Architecture 1. Presentation The progressing pattern of examination focuses in the contemporary world is ascribed to the conventional start of exploration focus in the ninth century. The significance of exploration focuses is distinguished in the ninth century from where its advantages are being procured in a noteworthy way today (Tash 9-11). The underlying examination habitats were constrained to observatories, which have extended to a few different teaches by the development of time. In the contemporary world, there are a few examination communities which accurately manage particular significant controls including clinical and wellbeing sciences, science, material science, human science, brain research, space science and some more (Tash 22-27). Since the start of this critical pattern on the planet, the control of engineering has assumed an inherent job in the structure and structure of examination centers’ structures (Narvaez, Panksepp and Schore 13-15). The advancement of this pattern was went with the development of engineering wherein explicit exploration offices were structured in the most recent cutting edge with its contemporary occasions (Colquhoun 7-11). Out of many exploration habitats, which are planned in concordance with its space of control, there are explicit examination communities, which accurately join the issues identified with kids. The possibility of kids research focus is related with the advancement of youngster improvement (Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development 31-33). This worry has brought forth the introduction of youngsters research focuses. As the advancement in the thought of kid improvement prompted the persevering pattern of kids research focuses, the control of engineering has likewise related to the impact of this development (O'Connor 3-5). There are a few critical components, which are being fused in the compositional plan of youngsters research focuses in the contemporary occasions. These components incorporate expressions, open inside structure, advanced outside of building, various degrees of structures with utility of glass, and neighborly stylistic layout to the engineering of building (Colquhoun 45-51). These are the components which have been enlightened through the advancement in the youngsters research centers’ engineering. 3.1 History/Evolution (International and National) of Development of your Project. On the off chance that your undertaking has various capacities/blended use you should follow the development of these capacities/types/employments. Offering models is essential The Beginning of the Children Research Center The absolute previously recorded children’s exploration and learning focus was the Victoria Hospital for Sick Children that was worked in 1892 by Darling and Curry Architectural Firm. It was worked in Toronto, Canada as a medical clinic to serve wiped out youngsters. It turned into the fi rst children’s medical clinic to open a school inside its dividers (Hamilton and David 65). This school was intended to encourage the exchange of abilities and information that attendants and specialists had learnt in the medical clinic to new staff. What's more, it was intended for specialists, experts, and researchers to trade data on different youngsters diseases. Beginning as an emergency clinic, the structure was later relinquished as it turned out to be less appropriate for numerous divisions. The structure, first made

Bad Grades Essay

I am writing to offer a clarification for an adjustment in scholastic execution that is recognizable on my secondary school transcript. From the beginning of my first year until the finish of my lesser year, it is apparent through investigation of my transcript that I have been a better than expected understudy reliably all through my secondary school profession. Nonetheless, beginning at around August 2010, issues emerged in my group of which I accept made it unimaginable for me to proceed with my 100% spotlight on school. Most of the way into my senior year, my dad was laid off from his activity. Since he was the main wellspring of salary around then, our group of five had to move from our agreeable lives at our four room house into our grandmother’s two room house. This was a radical change for us all, as we have never imparted a house to anybody, particularly one of this size. I not, at this point had a room in which I had the option to do my homework peacefully. This exceptional change, I accept, interfered with my emphasis on school as a result of the consideration it required from me. During my first semester I was regularly required to miss school by my folks, reason being that I needed to assist in the development procedure and needed to visit an evil uncle away. I assume full liability of my underperformance during the principal semester of my senior year and am not hope to rationalize. My principle objective in making this letter is simply to offer understanding on what it is I accept impacted my underperformance. I earnestly request that you think about me as a candidate and to not let this ongoing semester characterize me as an understudy. I extraordinarily value your time in perusing this letter.

Know Money, Win Money! Episode 11 Christkindlmarket Pt. II

Know Money, Win Money! Episode 11 Christkindlmarket Pt. II Know Money, Win Money! Episode 11: Christkindlmarket Pt. II Know Money, Win Money! Episode 11: Christkindlmarket Pt. IIYou didn’t think we would let the year end without a special bonus episode of Know Money, Win Money, did you? We’ve got another episode from the Christkindlmarket  right in time for Christmas! Or just slightly late for Chanukah. Or just right in time for Kwanzaa. Or just under the wire for Festivus. Or over a month too late for Wookie Life Day (check out our new Star Wars infographic). Unwrap the video below!Our first question was about the movie Elf, and how much Will Ferrell turned down, rather than make a sequel to the modern Christmas movie classic, Elf. The answer? $29 million. Your humble Know Money, Win Money host would do it for even half that! Will Ferrell is currently appearing in Daddy’s Home 2, which seems to take place at Christmas, and we can only assume, is essentially an Elf sequel. Sure, we haven’t seen it yet, but unless there’s a line where the characters explicitly let you know that they aren’t secretly elves, we feel pretty comfortable asserting that they are. Our next question asked about the number 462,000. Specifically what that number means in dollars each holiday season. While you might think it’s the amount Americans spend on Christmas trees or eggnog, in the end, it could be only one thing: a song about one thing. And that what one thing is what Mariah Carey wants for Christmas. Yes, “All I want for Christmas is You” makes over $450,000 in royalties each holiday season, which actually seems a little low for a song that plays nonstop from the end of November through the unwrapping of the last gift of the year. We hope you’ve enjoyed Know Money, Win Money this year. We’ll be back in the new year with new questions, and new cash. From us to you, happy holidays!Be sure to also check out our  most recent episodes:Episode Ten: Christkindlmarket Pt. IEpisode Nine: Back at the Bears GameEpisode Eight: Thanksgiving FootballWhere would you like to see us go in fut ure episodes of Know Money, Win Money? We want to hear from you! You can  email us  or find us on Twitter at  @OppLoans.

The Life Of 19Th Century American Poet Edgar Allan Poe

The life of 19th century American poet Edgar Allan Poe is one that the world of literary works and poetry will never cease to remember. Poe crafted several famous works of poetry during the American Romantic Movement, such as â€Å"The Raven†, a poem that helped gain him much fame after his death. Several poets have existed throughout time, but few became as well-known as Poe. The stories, conspiracies, and questions that lie behind his life are those of extreme popularity. Unlike many other great poets, Poe had a life of both mystery and melancholy that still interest readers today. Edgar Allan Poe is known for his morbid, dark, and haunting poems. He wrote mostly of death, demons, murders, sickness, and other unsettling topics. It could be†¦show more content†¦His former teacher, Dr. Bransbury, stated that he was â€Å"a quick and clever boy† (Pruette 372) and if it were not for his adoptive parents, he â€Å"would have been a very good boy† (Pruette 372). Later in Edgar’s life, as he was becoming more aware of his biological parents and his genealogy by hearing from acquaintances about the things that they became known for, he found a deep sense of pride which contributed to his arrogance. Sometimes, the knowledge of one’s family history can fuel their pronounced sense of pride. This was the case for Mr. Poe. At a young age, Edgar was already becoming extremely narcissistic, with the knowledge of who his biological parents were, and the great things they were known for. During the early ages, his adoptive parents who took so much pride in their spoiled child would hold gatherings and make Poe recite lengthy passages of poetry. During these times, Edgar acquired a taste for alcohol, which may very well have been the blame for a bit of the madness that he manifested in the later years of his life. Though it seems that Edgar had a life of luxury and the availability of whatever he requested being placed in the palm of his hand, he longed for more. While his new parents were busy making sure every desire of his was at his fingertips, they forgot to show him physical and emotional love, which is a key factor in the raising of a child. It could be said that there are only so many materialShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe; Fame Inspired by a Tragic Life865 Words   |  4 Pages The 19th century A merican poet, Edgar Allan Poe, had been plagued by grief from an early age. He was an amazing poet and author who just happened to have a darker story. Many who have studied this prestigious man feel that his works, though magnificent, were extremely dark. Some believe it was nothing more then a fancy for him to spin such gruesome tales. Others feel his work was manipulated by the misfortune of his past. These people have actually found evidence that agrees with this statementRead MoreEdgar Allen Poe: Birth and Military865 Words   |  4 PagesThe story of the 19th century Romantic era poet Edgar Allen Poe is an interesting one indeed. Throughout his life he played the role of a writer of short stories, an editor and critic of all works, and poet of emotion; revolutionizing each role through his extremely pragmatic style. As a writer, Poe wrote everything from love stories to comedies to horror stories, even inventing the detective mystery genre, and as a poet, he set out to use po etry to transmit and arouse the reader’s sense of beautyRead MoreThe Father of Gothicism1077 Words   |  4 Pagesthe story The Black Cat written by Edgar Allan Poe. Poe has been proclaimed the â€Å"Father of Gothicism† by many due to his grotesque short stories and poems. Gothic writers had their characters be more â€Å"prone to sin and self-destruction† than any other movement had experienced (Poets 2). This mysterious style of writing lasted until the 19th century, and other popular gothic writers and characters include Bram Stokers Dracula, and Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein. Poe along with all gothic writers used disturbingRead MoreThe Great Stories By Edgar Allan Poe1238 Words   |  5 Pages In the mid-19th century, exploration of the new America was popular among the people. Poets during this time liked to write about adventure and new pristine worlds untouched by man. Edgar Allan Poe on the other hand used his own style of writing, that used dark symbolism and complex plots to excite the readers. Having seen death and understanding the feeling it brings, Poe had an easy time writing the great stories/poems that we know today. In the years of 1835-1845 the United States was inRead MoreThe Romantic Period Of Edgar Allan Poe976 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is an important poet from the Romantic period. His work reflects his life in so many ways. It shows his fears, his ideas and how his life was. His work gives you an idea how the life and the circumstances of the time where during the 19th century. Poe used his own imagination, his life and the people around him as an inspiration for his work. The era between 1750 and 1870 is called Romanticism. This movement began in Germany and France and developed over England and whole Europe overRead MoreEarly American Literature Essay1511 Words   |  7 Pagesobsession. Then with the triumph of American independence, many at the time saw this as a divine sign that America and her people were destined for greatness. Greatness came with a strong nation and thousands of poems and stories that still shape our nation. The recent revolution greatly expressed the heart of the American people. However, it would take another fifty years of development throughout American before it produced the first great generation of American writers such as, Washington IrvingRead MoreEssay on The Romantic Side of Edgar Allan Poe 1061 Words   |  5 PagesAnyone who enjoys literature or movies has the Romantics of the 19th century to thank. The romantic ideals are now so engraved in this societies thinking that most don’t even realize that i t is romantic thinking at all. Almost every movie or book nowadays has a trace of romanticism in it. Romanticism started around the 1800’s as a contradiction to rationalism. Rationalism was a thinking that attempted to use rational thinking and reason to solve the problems being faces at its time. Romanticism isRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe Research Paper1393 Words   |  6 Pagesfamous writer, a renowned poet, and a American hero, Edgar Allan Poe has helped shaped modern day literature. Taught in schools as being a tortured soul, Poe’s dark writing has shaped American English for the better. Edgar Allen Poe’s early demise came as a shock to many during the time. Poe left this world in a mystery, much like some of his most famous works. The way in which Poe died, is never as simple as it seems. The limited details of his demise has left a hole in American literature and historyRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe : A Gothic Romanticism Or Dark Romanticist1562 Words   |  7 Pages Edgar Allan Poe is often considered one of the most famous, influential writers of the 19th century, and even today he is still revered for his more famous works, which are still taught and studied in schools and universities around the United States. His work is considered to be heavily influenced by the many hardships he faced during his lifetime, which can be seen in almost all of his poems or short stories. Poe is considered a gothic romanticism or dark romanticist, due to his fascination ofRead MoreEdgar Allen Poe: A Delirious Mind1058 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is one of the most descriptive writers known today. His works have been intriguing people since he began writing. The depth Edgar puts into his characters and settings is something people crave. The mysterious aspects of his stories immediately seize the readers’ attention. Edgar Allen Poe’s writing depth was affected by his drug and alcohol abuse. Edgar Poe was born on the 19th of January in 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts to Elizabeth and David Poe (Quinn 30). Both Elizabeth

The Psychological Impact of Domestic Violence on a Child

When we think about stress affecting individuals, various images can come to mind such as the single mother working two jobs in order to keep food on the table, the father who just lost his job and has a mortgage along with other bills, the teen who is pressured under cultural norms and wont be true to himself, or the fulltime student who is working part time in order to pay his/her college tuition. We can all agree that all the individuals mentioned above would probably be dealing with stress and have a reason to, but what about an infant? How about a child from those cheery, colorful, bright preschools? â€Å"Impossible† you say. Is â€Å"not likely† running through your head, or â€Å"Doubt it† at the back of your mind? Let’s bring some life†¦show more content†¦Even if the parent is no longer in the home, they will still be reminded of their things. My sister-in-law was in an abusive relationship. Even after she kicked her spouse out her children refused to go into her room; the room in which he used to hit her. She had to relocate because she refused to have her kids scare of their own home. There is nothing fine for a child to live in the constant state of fear. Their heart beat increases and if this continues for prolonged periods of time the child’s physiological state changes permanently (Compas, 394). For example, let say Timmy first gets scared when he sees domestic violence happening; his body will react by increasing his heart rate, then decreasing when he feels safe, but every time he gets scared it will get higher and higher, until his body enters a hyper vigilance state usually found in military and police officers. Individuals who have pushed their bodies to be in a hyper vigilance level are not only affecting physically, but socially as well. If they are constantly watching their surroundings, and on alert, they can never truly be comfortable with others. My brother is a Correction Officer, and has been for a couple years now. He has mentioned that he can no longer go places that are in high populations; like malls or concerts. He is always on ale rt because he is used to be in alert for so long he can’t just turn it off. The worst part is the individuals who fit a certain profile put him on higherShow MoreRelatedEffects of Domestic Violence on Children1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe biggest victims of domestic violence are the littlest. The home is a suppose to be a safe and secure environment for children with loving parents and free from violence. Children need a secure environment where they can come home to when the outside world is unsafe. However, every year there are millions of children who’s homes are not a safe haven. Millions of children are exposed to a parent being violently assaulted. Domestic violence is a prevalent social issue in America today. First, whoRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse896 Words   |  4 Pagesa direct relation to a child who witnesses abuse in his/her home at a young age? Introduction: What is domestic violence? â€Å"Domestic Violence is a pattern of behaviors used to establish power and control over another person through fear and intimidation, often inclosing the threat or use of violence†(Safe Horizon, 2015). Domestic violence includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and exploitation; therefore, this is in relation to â€Å"intimate partner violence, battering, relationshipRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Victims And Varies1700 Words   |  7 PagesDefinition, strengths and limitations, and occurrence Domestic violence as a form of trauma can have an impact on victims and varies in the form in which it occurs. Domestic violence can occur directly to an individual or family or indirectly as exposure to domestic violence. The Department of Justice defines domestic violence as â€Å"a pattern of abusive behavior in a relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner†. According to CrossRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence1411 Words   |  6 PagesThe term domestic violence is defined as the deliberate frightening, sexual and physical assault, or a behavior that is abusive or intolerable to others as a part of the regular sequence of power and the domination executed by one confidant companion to the other. The patterns of domestic violence usually comprise of the sexual violence, abusing the partner emotionally, psychological assault, and the physical violence. It is dramatic that how the severity and the frequency of the occurrences of theRead MoreDomestic Violence and Social Problems1268 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence is a devastating social problem that impacts every sector of our population. Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner(USDOJ,2012). Domestic violence can be physical, economic, emotional, sexual, or psychological. Physical domestic violence is an attempt to impose physical injury such as grabbing, slapping, hitting, biting, etc. Physical violence can alsoRead MoreAll around the world domestic violence is a threat to all different types of families, including1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld domestic violence is a threat to all different types of families, including children and adults. â€Å"It is estimated that approximately 3 million incidents of domestic violence are reported each year in the United States† (Feinstein). The m ost common victims of domestic violence are women, and children. Organizations that offers protection for victims includes: National Network to End Domestic Violence, Survivor Network, and National Council on Child Abuse and Family Violence. Domestic violenceRead MoreDomestic Violence Has A Negative Impact On Children1568 Words   |  7 PagesOpen your eyes: Domestic violence has a negative impact on children. Being 8 years old and growing up witnessing domestic violence in my household was hard. â€Å"About 70% of domestic violence between couples goes unreported (S.N)† The reason the rate is so high is because fear overcomes the victim. The lack of someone being able to sit down and talk without being scared of getting home and getting beaten by their partner is bad, the reason of not being able to just sit down and talk to someone justRead MoreLong-Term Consequences of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence948 Words   |  4 PagesConsequences of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence Abstract: Domestic violence effects everybody in a family. Patterns of abuse from one parent to another, between both parents or directed toward a child all have a composite effect of inflicting potentially severe emotional damage upon the child. The research outlined here identifies domestic violence as a serious sociological problem and consequently provides a usable definition of domestic violence for the present study. This is followedRead MoreDomestic Abuse Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesChild and domestic abuse is a serious matter which needs to have additional focus, especially in this day and age. Abuse is most often causes harm to others. Abuse may either be verbal, emotional, or physical or times all three. In today’s society there are many different types of abuse including, physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and neglect. All these types of abuse can affect people in multiple different ways, creating anywhere from short term to long term notable effects in the perso nRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1652 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is present in all regions of the world regardless of race, culture, or religion. It is not uncommon for men to experience spousal abuse. However, in reality abuse done by men towards women is a much more common occurrence. Men often abuse women as a result of negative domestic relationships experienced during childhood, the feeling of inadequacy and mental illness. However, the leading cause for this behaviour is the feeling of inferiority and the need to exert power. Stereotypically

The Drug Crime Relationship Free Essays

There is no question that drugs and crime are related, however difficulty stands when trying to establish a causal connection between the two. According to Ronald Akers, ‘compared to the abstaining teenager, the drinking, smoking and drug taking teen is much more likely to be getting into fights, stealing, hurting other people and committing other delinquencies’ (Gottfredson and Hirschi, 1990). At a surface level, drugs and crime are linked as it is a criminal offence to possess certain substances unlawfully, however when looking deeper, where drugs are said to cause, influence or be associated with offending behaviour the subject becomes quite unclear. We will write a custom essay sample on The Drug Crime Relationship or any similar topic only for you Order Now Three major models exist that examine the drugs-crime link and will be discussed thoroughly throughout this essay. Firstly is the model that suggests drug use leads to crime and offending behaviour. It offers the explanation that drug-users are enslaved, or behaving in ways which satisfy the craving which very often leads to participating in criminal behaviour. A second model explains that crime leads to drug use, and the third that drug use and crimes have a common aetiology. Throughout this essay these models will be examined deeply in order to try and best understand the relationship between drug use and offending behaviour. The idea that drug use leads to crime is by far the most believed and most popular idea out of the three. The reasons for this may lie in its heavy belief from the media and the government. It is sometimes represented as a direct causal effect and sometimes as just an association. There does stand much evidence in support of this theory, however no research identifies a direct causal link which will be noted later. One study carried out in this field gave the police power to perform drug tests on detainees in police custody and gave the courts the power to order the drug testing of offenders under the supervision of the probation service. In total they carried out a collective of 1,835 tests and found positive results in 63% of those tested in London, 58% of those tested in Nottingham and 47% of those tested in Strafford and Cannock. For those on probation over half tested positive ( Mallender et al. 2002, citied in Bean 2008). While support stands for this view, variations exist in the way drug use is said to cause crime. Three broad categories exist, firstly the psychopharmacological explanations, secondly the economic explanations and thirdly the drug-lifestyle explanation. Firstly the psychopharmacological explanations consider the effects of the drug chemicals have upon the human organism and what the behavioural outcomes may be. For example, the psychopharmacological model says that drugs cause violence because of their direct effects, as an effect users become impatient, irritable, energetic and irrational often leading to criminal behaviour. Goldstein (1985) believes the psychopharmacological model to be a direct effect model and argues that ‘some individuals, as a result of short or long term ingestion of specific substances, may become excitable, irrational, and may exhibit violent behaviour’. Brochu (2001) claims that many drugs ‘act on specific areas of the nervous system, including the frontal lobe and the limbic system, where the centres of aggressiveness and impulsiveness are located’ (Bennett and Holloway). While these are considered to be direct and instantaneous effects of drug use, in practice the psychopharmacological effects of drugs on crime are expected to function indirectly. Parker and Auerhahn (1998) stress from their research the overwhelming importance of the context in the relationship between substance use and violent behaviour, and as MacCoun et al (2002) claim ‘it may be that no drug is sufficient to produce aggression in isolation from psychological and situational moderators. ’ (Bennett and Holloway). The second variation on how ‘drugs cause crime’ is the economic explanation. This is very often referred to as the economic necessity argument which simply says drug users will commit crime for economic benefit in order to fund their drug addiction. Crimes associated with this explanation are most commonly property crime including theft, shoplifting, burglary and fraud; however there are many links with violent crimes. One explanation for this is that habitual drug users face problems raising cash and therefore prefer to perform street robberies. Baumer et al. 1998) argues that this type of robbery draws cash directly and is more easily perpetrated during the hours of darkness when the streets are less crowded. Cash carries the advantage of being easily concealed and does not have to be exchanged at a discount unlike stolen property. (Bennett and Holloway). The third variation is the drug-lifestyle explanation. The theory focuses in particular, on the relationship betwee n drug-using lifestyles and violence. It offers the explanation that drug abusers are living within a community which is more likely to be a violent one when compared to a drug free community. The drug using community is one that is notoriously violent, especially when considering punishments for failing to pay debts, territory disputes and selling adulterated drugs. Other ideas focusing on lifestyle but not on violence consider that drug users often do not participate in the legitimate economy and therefore the likelihood of them becoming involved in criminal activity is increased, and also they would be exposed to situations that encourage crime. (Bennett and Holloway). When considering the idea that crime leads to drug use, the research is scarce by comparison. If crime leads to drugs use there will be no reduction in criminality even with the successful treatment of the drugs problem. If crime leads to drug use then treatment should be directed at reducing the criminality, and the drug problem will be correspondingly reduced (Hammersley et al. 1989, cited in Bean p. 39). Researchers are heavily interested in finding what came first; the drug problem or criminality? Early British studies found that about 50% of heroin addicts were antecedently delinquent but, of course, 50% were not (Bean 1971). However, some researchers are sure they know the truth. Korf et al. (1998) belief that there is empirical support for thinking prior criminal involvement increases one’s chance of getting into drugs, claiming ‘many current addicts have set out on a criminal path at an early age and before their first dose of heroin. These pre-drug criminals turn out to be the group most likely to generate their income from property crime. ’ (Bean p. 9) As noted, there doesn’t stand as much research into this field as the previous (drug use leads to crime) however, the theories which do stand can be divided again roughly into the three same categories, psychopharmacological explanations, economic explanations and criminal lifestyle explanations. Explaining this idea through psychopharmacological means, researches such as Menard et al (2001) clai m that criminals use drugs as a form of chemical recreation to celebrate successful crimes, pretty much in the same way people use alcohol to celebrate a special occasion, (Bennett and Holloway, p. 6). In another way according to the psychopharmacological model, people who have planned crime might turn to drugs to enable themselves to carry out the planned actions. It is possible therefore to say that crime causes drug use because without the drug it is possible the crime wouldn’t have occurred. The economic perspective explanation simply says crime causes drug use through crimes resulting in surplus cash which enable the offenders to buy drugs, unds which would not be available were it not for criminal activity (tim newburn). The criminal lifestyle explanations suggest that a criminal lifestyle tends to involve drug use either via sub-cultural values, through available opportunities or as a result of self-medication. Criminal activity in subcultures provides ‘the conte nt, the reference group and the definitions of a situation that are conclusive to the subsequent involvement in drugs’ (White 1990: 223, Bean p. 39). Evidence for this comes from a small number of studies, quoted by White, where she says the individual is placed in an environment which is supportive of drug use, and it is the desire for sub-cultural status rather than a need for a drug which leads to the individual committing crimes. The available opportunities idea goes hand in hand with the situational crime theory, which states the individual makes a rational choice, essentially weighing up the pros and cons of their actions. If the pros outweigh the cons then the person will display offending behaviour. Supporters of situational crime prevention would say that crime leads to drug taking, and therefore by modifying crime hotspots and the environment, and by dealing with characteristics and location of suitable targets, drug taking can be reduced. The Third, that drug use and crimes have a common aetiology. This theory rejects strongly the simple causal explanation that drugs use leads to crime or the other, crime leads to drug use claiming the relationship to be far more complex than this. Rather, this suggests a common cause between the two, enforcing arguments that there are other factors involved which help explain both forms of behaviour. ‘Such factors may take various forms including aspects of personality or temperament, aspects of a person’s interpersonal social world (family, friends, peers) or some feature of the social environment in which they live’ (Newburn). These common factors can be grouped into three categories – psychological, social and environmental. Psychological factors can be related to a persons genetics or temperament character. Many explanations focus on the role of psychological factors as distal causes, which are those factors operating in the past that predispose people to act in certain ways. The social factors focus on social relationships and the way in which these may have an effect on crime and drug use. Peer pressure is said to be a major sway on a persons behaviour with regard to crime and illicit drug use. As White (1990) concludes in Bennet and Holloway (2005) ‘Peer group nfluences are the best predictors of delinquency and drug use. ’ With regards to the environmental explanation, factors within the environment are said to play a role in the drug-crime link. The social disorganization theory developed by Shaw and Mckay in 1942 was applied to help try and best explain the drug – crime link in 2000 by White and Gorman, who argue that rates of violence and exposure to drugs was greatest in less affluent areas, densly populated areas, racially segregated areas and those that are composed of a transient population. A rather sociological version of the common cause idea is a variation of the sub-cultural theory which sees drug use as a learned behaviour. Behavioural norms are learned from generation to generation and become internalised, which lead individuals within particular families or social groups to behave in the same manner with the same patterns of offending. To conclude, this essay has highlighted much evidence to suggest that drug use leads to crime, and the opposite, that crime leads to drug use. People who try illicit drugs are more likely to display offending behaviour than others; however there is no persuasive research evidence of a causal link between drug use and offending within the majority of drug users. Much of the research provides conflicting explanations of the topic, however there does stand some common ground. There are no inconsistencies in the idea that drug use might sometimes cause crime and crime may sometimes cause drug use. However, as a general rule, research provides evidence sufficient to establish an association as appose to a direct causal link. This essay has also looked at the idea of a common cause or common aetiology between the relationship between drug use and offending behaviour, which is the idea that other factors such as personality, temperament, family or friends influences play a part in an individual’s lifestyle and choices. How to cite The Drug Crime Relationship, Papers

Bullying and Thesis Statement free essay sample

You may want to compare the increase and spread of bullying to an epidemic, although that descriptor has been used a great deal in the media. Instead, you might want to rephrase your statement and write: The increase of bullying in our society over the past few decades has harmed ever-greater numbers of people both physically and emotionally. Or: Bullying has become an increasing problem in our society that threatens physical and emotional harm to ever-greater numbers of young people. Whatever thesis statement you choose to write, be sure to always phrase it as a fact, because when you state your position in a thesis statement as a fact, your readers will want to continue reading in order to learn why you believe the way you do. For supporting facts, you may want to mention incidents of bullying that have been in the news recently. The sad fact is, some people are so deeply affected by the negative influence of bullying that they have actually taken their own lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Bullying and Thesis Statement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is an important point to mention in any discussion of bullying. Although suicides represent a rare and extreme reaction to bullying, it is a real issue facing society today. You may also want to mention that bullying is often a factor in young people becoming depressed and having lower self-esteem. They may not be moved to take their own lives as a result, but they may become inhibited, or afraid to express themselves and possibly strive to achieve less in life than they are capable of. (For example, they may do poorly in school, or stay away from social situations because they fear being taunted or made fun of. Because of this, bullying may be an obstacle to success. ) On the favorable side of bullying (if there is one), when mistreated by bullies, some people will actually work harder to succeed, in order to prove the bully wrong. Or they will fight back against the bully and gain an important sense of achievement, that win or lose they were able to stand up for themselves and fight their way past their tormentor. Either way, the bullying can serve as an obstacle to overcome, and once it is behind the bullied person, he or she may emerge from the situation with a tronger personal character. Bullying has another negative impact on the bullies themselves! People who bully others usually lack self-esteem and they torment others in order to take the focus off of themselves, or to take out the anger and frustration they have at the world on another person. They may also do it for attention, or because they are afraid of other people and want to bully others in order to make everyone stay awa y from them. They may have enjoyed bullying others in school, but the behavior will almost certainly become an obstacle for them later in life. When they grow older and leave school, bullies will have to learn how to behave differently, or if they do not, they will probably not be able to have a happy or stable life. For example, if they begin to bully people at their place of work, their employer will not likely tolerate this, and they may be fired. Because bullying behavior is offensive to a lot of people, a bully may not have many friends in their life, and they may not be able to keep a boyfriend or girlfriend, either. If they bully others at their apartment or in their neighborhood, they might risk being evicted by their landlord. And, of course, if they bully others in public, they run the risk of being arrested by the authorities and locked away in jail or prison. Remember: Write a strong thesis statement in your introduction. Follow this with some background information about your topic. Continue by restating your position (that bullying is an increasing problem) and use evidence to support what you say. Finally, conclude with a summary of everything you wrote about earlier.